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Supervisión Bancaria
 Fortaleciendo
el Gobierno Corporativo en organizaciones bancarias
El Comité de Basilea esta expidiendo este documento a las
autoridades supervisoras y organizaciones bancarias en todo el mundo para ayudar
a asegurar la adopción e implementación de sanas prácticas de Gobierno
Corporativo por las organizaciones bancarias. No es la intención que esta guía
establezca un nuevo marco regulatorio estratificado por encima de la
legislación, regulación o códigos nacionales existentes, sino está mas bien
dirigida a ayudar a las organizaciones bancarias a realzar sus marcos de
Gobierno Corporativo y ayudar a los supervisores a evaluar la calidad de esos
marcos. La implementación de los principios establecidos en este documento
debería ser proporcional al tamaño, complejidad, estructura, significación
económica y perfil de riesgo del banco y del grupo (si lo hay) al cual este
pertenece. La aplicación de estándares de Gobierno Corporativo en cualquier
jurisdicción dependerá de las leyes relevantes, regulaciones, códigos y
expectativas de supervisión.
The
Basel Committee on Banking Supervision
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Basel Committee seeks comments on
updated banking supervision principles
The Basel Core Principles have been used by countries as a benchmark for
assessing the quality of their supervisory systems and for identifying
future work needed to ensure sound supervisory practices. They have also
been used by the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the World Bank in the
context of the Financial Sector Assessment Program. However, changes have
occurred in banking regulation over the years, and much experience has been
gained with implementing the Core Principles in individual countries.
Updating the Core Principles to reflect these changes and experiences will,
therefore, ensure their continued validity and usefulness.
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Core Principles for Effective
Banking Supervision
Consultative Document. Issued for comment by 23
June 2006.
This document is the revised version of the Core
Principles for Effective Banking Supervision, which the Basel Committee on
Banking Supervision (the Committee) originally published in September 1997.
Along with the Core Principles Methodology the Core Principles have been
used by countries as a benchmark for assessing the quality of their
supervisory systems and for identifying future work to be done to achieve a
baseline level of sound supervisory practices.
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Core Principles
Methodology
Consultative Document. Issued for comment by 23
June 2006.
The Core Principles for Effective Banking Supervision, developed by the
Basel Committee on Banking Supervision (the Committee) in cooperation with
fellow supervisors, have become de facto the standard for sound prudential
regulation and supervision of banks. The Core Principles are mainly intended
to help countries assess the quality of their systems and to provide input
into their reform agenda. The vast majority of countries have endorsed the
Core Principles and have declared their intention to implement them.
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Comparison between the 1999 and 2006
versions of the Core Principles Methodology
Use of Vendor Products in the Basel II IRB
Framework
This Newsletter sets forth the views of the Basel Committee
Accord Implementation Group’s Validation Subgroup (AIGV) relating to the use of
vendor products within internal ratings-based (IRB) approaches of the Basel II
framework. The AIGV developed this Newsletter in response to industry questions
about supervisory expectations for incorporating vendor products into banks’ IRB
processes. The purpose of this note is to further elaborate on supervisory
expectations regarding how banks might satisfy IRB validation requirements when
vendor products, which frequently introduce information transparency issues, are
used within banks’ IRB processes. In drafting this document, the AIGV also
benefited from recent meetings with various vendors.
 Banks
and the compliance challenge
Speech by Professor Arnold Schilder, Chairman of the BCBS
Accounting Task Force and Executive Director of the Governing Board of the
Netherlands Bank, at the Asian Banker Summit, Bangkok, 16 March 2006.
– Compliance risk is becoming one of the major risks banks are facing. The
increasing globalization, issues with the corporate governance of complex
institutions, changing laws and regulations, the understanding of what
constitutes sound risk management, and the continuous evolution of financial
products create complex situations for banks that operate on a cross border
basis. One may wonder whether the compliance framework in place is robust enough
to effectively manage these rapidly changing factors. Creating a “best in class”
compliance framework seems to be the best way forward. The development and
implementation of such framework might well be a challenge equal to the
implementation of Basel II.–
 The
impact of IAS/IFRS on banks’ regulatory capital and main balance sheet items
Committee of European Banking Supervisors
The introduction of International Accounting Standards/International Financial
Reporting Standards (IAS/IFRS) has been a source of concern to supervisory
authorities, notably because of fears that these standards could jeopardise the
criteria that regulatory own funds have to fulfill, namely that they be (i)
permanent, (ii) readily available for absorbing losses, and (iii) reliable as to
their amounts. There were also some concerns that the IAS/IFRS could introduce
volatility into institutions’ financial statements and, more particularly, into
regulatory own funds, in ways which might not reflect the economic substance of
institutions’ financial positions.
 Risk
management challenges in the US financial system
Remarks by Mr Timothy F Geithner, President and Chief
Executive Officer of the Federal Reserve Bank of New York, at the Global
Association of Risk Professionals (GARP) 7th Annual Risk Management Convention &
Exhibition, New York City, 28 February 2006.
– We have seen dramatic changes in the U.S. and global
financial system over the past 25 years, and we are now in the midst of another
wave of innovation in finance. The changes now underway are most dramatic in the
rapid growth in instruments for risk transfer and risk management, the increased
role played by nonbank financial institutions in capital markets around the
world, and the much greater integration of national financial systems. These
developments provide substantial benefits to the financial system. Financial
institutions are able to measure and manage risk much more effectively. Risks
are spread more widely, across a more diverse group of financial intermediaries,
within and across countries.–
 Community
banking and community bank supervision in the twenty-first century
Remarks by Ben S Bernanke, Chairman of the Board of Governors
of the US Federal Reserve System, at the Independent Community Bankers of
America National Convention and Techworld, Las Vegas, 8 March 2006.
– Community banks have long played a critical role in
the U.S. economy, and this is no less true in the twenty-first century. Today, I
will begin by making some observations, based in part on research done at the
Federal Reserve and elsewhere, about the health of community banks and their
evolving role in our economy. Community banks are generally doing quite well,
and I expect that good performance to continue. But community banks also face a
changing business environment that presents a number of important long-run
challenges. In the second portion of my remarks, I will speak a bit about how
the Federal Reserve, as the supervisor of many community banks, is also
adjusting to a changing environment, and I will review some of the key financial
risks facing community banks.–
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Lecturas recomendadas
 América
Latina: Reformas estructurales y competitividad
Discurso del Director Gerente del FMI, Rodrigo de Rato
Convención de la Asociación de Bancos de México Acapulco, México 24 de marzo de
2006
— Buenos días. Es un honor para mí participar en esta importante conferencia, lo
que me ofrece la oportunidad de analizar, desde la óptica del FMI, las
oportunidades y los desafíos con los que América Latina se enfrenta en estos
tiempos. Es muy pertinente que pueda pronunciar estas palabras en México, un
país que se ha transformado política y económicamente en el último decenio, en
una democracia multipartidista vibrante y en un modelo de buena gestión
macroeconómica. Ciertamente, transformaciones de este tipo están ocurriendo en
otras economías emergentes en todo el mundo. —
 Perspectivas
de la economía mundial
En América Latina, el crecimiento se ha moderado y ha tomado un
ritmo más sostenible, tras el fuerte repunte de 2004 (cuadro 1.7). El vigor de
las exportaciones de productos básicos y materias primas, junto con la amplia
mejora de los términos de intercambio en la mayoría de las economías grandes,
siguen nutriendo el ímpetu del crecimiento, aunque la exportación de
manufacturas se ha debilitado ligeramente, al igual que la actividad
manufacturera mundial. Después de haber despuntado durante el segundo semestre
de 2004, la inflación se ha estabilizado, pero continúa siendo volátil, ya que
la intensa variabilidad de los precios de los productos básicos aún no se ha
calmado. De cara al futuro, se prevé que la expansión seguirá su curso a vivo
ritmo y que el crecimiento se mantendrá por encima del promedio de la última
década en 2005–06, apuntalado por el aumento de la demanda externa e interna.
Architects
of stability? International cooperation among financial supervisors
Ethan B Kapstein; Monetary and Economic Department; BIS
Working Papers
The objective of this paper is to provide a balanced assessment of international
cooperation among financial regulators, with a focus on banking supervision.
While recognizing the undeniable – and even unexpected – achievements of these
regulators in building a cooperative framework for financial supervision, we
also suggest that this remains a work in progress, given the contemporary
financial risk environment. Briefly, we argue that this environment – to the
extent we understand it, for it remains opaque in important respects – has an
almost paradoxical quality, in that risk has become both more consolidated and
more atomized at the same time. On the one hand, large and complex financial
institutions (LCFIs) which may be “too big to fail”, increasingly dominate the
banking landscape; on the other, these same institutions have shifted at least a
portion of their risks onto other firms and households, whose absorptive
capacity has yet to be severely tested. It is the effectiveness of the
international supervisory architecture in the face of this risk environment that
we consider, and we then provide some suggestions for future policy reforms.
 El
resurgimiento de América Latina. Una nueva oportunidad para arraigar el
crecimiento
Anoop Singh y Charles Collyns
A menudo parece que esta región zigzaguea entre la cima del éxito y el abismo de
la crisis y cuando se menciona el resurgimiento asoma el escepticismo. Pero en
una gran parte de la región se ha observado una recuperación rápida y sólida de
las crisis financieras de 2001–02. En dos años, para 2004, su crecimiento
económico llegó al 5,6%, el máximo en 24 años, y se proyecta en 4% para 2005 y
en 3#/4% para 2006, bien por encima de los promedios históricos. Desde los años
ochenta, la “década perdida”,América Latina avanzó en varios frentes: de tener
dos gobiernos militares por cada uno civil y elegido, pasó hoy a un ciclo de
elecciones que determinará las políticas y perfilará al continente en los años
venideros; se oscurece el recuerdo de la destructiva hiperinflación, y se
acrecienta la resiliencia frente a los shocks externos, reformando el mercado y
arraigando una acertada política macroeconómica, lo que permite creer que esta
expansión durará más que en los ciclos anteriores.
 Challenges
for financial institutions today Notes for remarks
Malcolm D Knight, General Manager of the BIS, at a European
Financial Services
Roundtable meeting, Zurich, 7 February 2006
Many observers and analysts see major macroeconomic risks present in the global
economy – large and widening external current account imbalances, large
structural fiscal deficits in key countries, etc. Yet financial markets
are not reflecting such risks in prices: a strong US dollar, very low long-term
nominal and real interest rates, subdued volatility, etc. Hence there is a
disconnect between
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Calendario
Institucional 2006
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24 al 29 de
abril
Curso” Análisis y Examen de Bancos”
FED, Port Spain, Trinidad & Tobago
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15 al 18 de
mayo
Curso: “Supervisión Enfocada en Riesgo”
OSFI, Asunción, Paraguay
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12 al 16 de
junio
Curso “Supervisión Enfocada en Riesgo y Evaluación
del Riesgo”
FED, Santo Domingo, República Dominicana.
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11, 12 y 13
de julio
Seminario “Riesgo Operacional en Basilea II”
FSI, México, D.F.
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17 al 20 de
julio
Curso: “Supervisión Enfocada en Riesgo”
OSFI, Caracas, Venezuela
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28 de agosto
al 1 de septiembre
Curso “Fundamentos de Administración de Riesgos de
Tasas de Interés”
FED, México, D.F.
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En el mes de
marzo de 2006, después de 30 años en la Junta de Gobernadores de la Reserva
Federal, incluyendo 15 como Director de Supervisión y Regulación Bancaria para
el Sistema de la Reserva Federal de los Estados Unidos, he anunciado que me
estaré retirando a fines de junio de este año. Estoy a la expectativa del
siguiente capítulo en mi vida y estoy agradecido por la oportunidad de haber
hecho tantos amigos en la comunidad supervisora internacional, incluyendo a los
miembros de ASBA. Ha sido un honor y un placer haber servido como Presidente de
la Asociación y haber trabajado con ustedes en los pasados tres años y agradezco
inmensamente sus contribuciones al trabajo de la Asociación en este período.